accepted name (2005):
Hong Tao, Gian Lupo Osti
Study on the chinese wild woody peonies (II) New Taxa of Paeonia L. Sect. Moutan DC.
Bulletin of Botanical Research, Harbin, 1994 vol.14 No.3 pp.237-239
Hong Tao, Gian Lupo Osti
Study on the chinese wild woody peonies (II) New Taxa of Paeonia L. Sect. Moutan DC.
Bulletin of Botanical Research, Harbin, 1994 vol.14 No.3 pp.237-239
Hong :(Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091).Osti (International Dendrology Society, Roma 00197).
Paeonia rockii (S. G. Haw & L. A. Lauener) T. Hong et J. J. Li
subsp. linyanshanii T. Hong et G. L. Osti, subsp. nov.
Subspecies insignis, a Paeonia rockii (S. G. Haw & L. A. Lauener T. Hong et J. J. Li subsp. rockii differt foliolis lanceolatis vel anguste ovatis, integris.
Frutex deciduus, circa 2m altus, cortice brunneolo, striato basi surculo praeditus; folia bipinnata, foliolis lanceolatis vel anguste ovatis, 2 -8.5cm longis. 1 - 3cm latis, apice acuminatis, basi cunealis vel rotundatis, integris, supra glabris, subtus secus nervo medio hirsutis prope bain comosis, foliolis lateralibus subsessilibus vel petiolulatis, petiolulis 1-5mm longis hirsutis vel comosis. Flores solilarii, terminales, 13-14cm diam.; sepala 7, triangulo-ovata vcl ovato-rotundata, 13-14cm diam.; sepala 7, triangulo-ovata vel ovato-rotundata, 1-5cm longa, 1.8-4.5cm lata, petala 10-11, longe-ovovata vel obovato -rotundata, 6.5 -9cm longa, 4-8.5cm lata, alba, basi purpureo –nigro -maculata; stamina numerosa, antheris flavis, filamentis albis; discus albus, carpella 5, stigmatibus albis. Folliculi 5; 3.5 -4cm longi, dense brunneo-griseo hirsuti. Semina nitida, nigra, glabra. Florescentia fine Aprilis ad initium Maji.
Gansu: Wenxian, Baimahegou, alt. 1570m, wild, 28 April, 1993, Zhang Qi-rong 19930428 (Hololypus, Chinese Academy of Forestry).
Hubei: Baokan, Dashui, alt. 1600m, wild, 28 September, 1993, Hong Tao et Dai Zhen-lun 19930928 (CAP). Guanshan Forestry Center, alt. 800m, cultivated, 28 April 1994, Hong Tao 19940428.
Paeonia spontanea (Rehder) T. Hong et W. Z. Zhao, stat. nov.
Syn.: P. suffruticosa Andr. var. spontanea Rehder in J. Am. Arb. 1:193. 1920; Stern,
stud. Gen. Paeonia 43. 1946; K. Y. Pan, Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 27:45.1979 P. suffruticosa Andr. subsp. spontanea (Rehder) S. G. Haw & L. A. Lauener in Edinb. J. Bot. 47(3): 278-279. 1990
P. jishanensis T. Hong et W. Z. Zhao in Bull. of Bot. Res. 12(3):225-226. 1992, Syn.nov.
ABSTRACT
The present paper proposes 1 new subspecies and 1 new status of Chinese wild tree peony.
Lin's Peony, the new subspecies differs from Paeonia rockii in its lanceolate or narrow ovate and unlobed leaflets.
Jishan Peony is a very good wild species, from which originating a series of cultivars. So, the author raised Haw's subspecies to species grade, Paeonia spontanea (Rehder) T. Hong et W. F. Zhao stat. nov.
Key words Paeonia; Sect. Moutan: P. rockii subsp. linyanshanii; P. spontanea
HONG De-Yuan
Paeonia rockii and its one new Subspecies from Mt. Taibai, Shaanxi of China
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 36(6):538-543(1998)
HONG De-Yuan
Paeonia rockii and its one new Subspecies from Mt. Taibai, Shaanxi of China
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 36(6):538-543(1998) [available online as pdf.file here]
(Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093)
The field work was supported by the National Geographic Society( Grant 5515-95). 1998-02-08 , 1998-03-26
(1) Paeonia rockii
(1a)Paeonia rockii subsp. rockii
(1b) Paeonia rockii subsp. taibaishanica Hong, subsp. nov.
Abstract The history of exploration and classification of Paeonia rockii is reviewed in the present paper. Two allopatric subspecies in this species are recognized. The new subspecies, subsp. taibaishanica Hong, found on northern slope of the Qingling Range has leaflets ovate or rounded, totally or mostly lobed. P. rockii subsp. linyanshanii T. Hong et G. L. Osti is found to be a superfluous name of P. rockii subsp. rockii.
Keywords Paeonia rockii; P. rockii subsp. taibaishanica; Classification; Distribution
(1) Paeonia rockii (S. G. Haw et L. A. Lauener) T. Hong et G. L. Osti in Bull. Bot. Res. 12(3): 227. Fig.4. 1992.
Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews subsp. rockii S. G. Haw et L. A. Lauener in Edinb. J. Bot. 47(3): 279. Fig. la(p. 276). 1990. TYPE: Kansu (Gansu), Probably near Wu-tu (Wudu). Farrer no 8 (holotype. E; photo, PE! )
As a member of the P. suffruticosa complex, P. rockii is similar to the other species in the complex in having 5 (very occasionally 6) carpels which are entirely enveloped by floral disc at anthesis. The species is characterized by tri-(or bi-) pinnate leaves, well developed leaves(the first 1~3 from base) with (17) 19~33 leaflets, yellow filaments, yellowish floral disc and stigmata, and white petals with a dark purple blotch at the base. All the other three species in the complex, P. suffruticosa, P. ostii and P. qiui, have purple-red filaments, purple floral disc and red stigmata. A leaf in P. ostii, though bipinnate, has 15 leaflets as the highest number and thus differs from that in P. rockii; petals in P. qiui also often have a blotch at the base, but the bloth is pink-red, rather than dark purple.
Fig. 1 The holotype of Paeonia suffrutciosa Andrews subsp. rockii S. G. Haw ct L. A. Lauener (Gansu. probably near Wudu, Farrer no 8. E)
Key to subspecies:
1a. Leaflets lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, totally or mostly entire
subsp. rockii
1b. Leaflets ovate to ovate-rounded, totally or mostly lobed
subsp. taibaishanica Hong
(1a) Paeonia rockii subsp. rockii
Paeonia rockii subsp. linyanshanii T. Hong et G. L. Osti in Bull. Bot. Res. 14(3): 237. Fig. 1 & 2. 1994, syn. nov. TYPE: Gansu, Wenxian, Baimahegou, alt. 1570 m, 1993-04-27, Q. R. Zhang, 19930428 (CAP)
Paeonia papaveracea auct. not. Andrews: anonymous. Icon. Cormophyt. Sin. 1: 652. Fig. 1303. 1972.
P. suffruticosa var. papaveracea auct. non Andrews: K. Y. Pan, in Wang, W. T. (ed.): Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 27:45, pi. 3(p.43). 1979.
This subspecies has leaflets lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, totally or mostly entire.
Gansu, Zhugqu, Taozhou Forest Farm , on edges of Pinus armendii forests, alt. 2800 m, 1959-05-22, S. Jiang and T. L. Chin 423 (PE); no precise locality, Y. L. Pei, 9116 (PE);
Wudu, Lanshan, alt. 2500 m, 1930-06-21, K. S. Hao501 (PE);
Wenxian, no precise locality, Y. L. Pei 9115 (PE);
Mt. Zilong, Shihuigou, 1956-05-14, Yellow River Exped. 3698 (PE).
Shannxi: Lueyang, Baishuijiang Town, Siping Village, Y. L. Pei 9140 (PE).
Henan: Songxian, MuzhijieTownship, Mt. Yangshan, Yangjiaohao, W. slope, limestone, in Ulmus forest, alt. 1450m, 1994-05-02, D. Y. Hong and Y. Z. Ye, 94003 (PE);
eodem loc., Daxigou, under limestone rock. 1994-05-02, S. Y. Wang and Y. Z. Wang 94002 (PE);
Xisangou, alt. 1080 m. 1994-05-07, H. Y. Jiai 023(PE) and 024 (PE);
Neixiang, Baotianman, Muzhuliu Village, Mudanduo, alt. 1100m. 1997-04-30, D. Y. Hong, Y. Z. Ye and Y. X. Feng H97015 (PE, MO);
eodem loc, Muzhuliu Village, in cultivation, 1997-04-30, D. Y. Hong, Y. Z. Ye and Y. X. Feng H97016(PE, A, CAS, K. MO. S).
Hubei . Shennongjia, Songbai , alt. 1900m, 1988-05-06, J. Z. Qiu B88027(PE), PB88028 (PE) and PB88029 (PE);
eodem loc., alt. 2000 m, 1988-05-06, J. Z. Qiu PB88030 (PE);
eodem loc. alt. 2100 m. 1988-05-06, J. Z. Qiu PB8803 (PE) and PB88032 (PE);
eodem loc., alt. 1900m, 1988-05-20, J. Z. Qiu PB88033 (PE);
eodem loc., alt. 1600m, 1988-05-20. J. Z. Qiu PB88035 (PE);
Songbai, Shantunya, 1988-05, J. Z. Qiu PB8860 (PE);
Songbai, shady slope, in forests, alt. 1400-1800m, 1986-05-18, T. Chen and L. M. Ma PB86008 (PE) & PB86075(PE);
Baokang, Houping Town, Hongjiayuan Village , in front of Mr. Su'shouse, in cultivation, 1997-05-02, D. Y. Hong, Y. Z. Ye and Y. X. Feng H97024 (PE);
Houping Town, Zhanjiapo Village, in deciduous forest, on limestone rocks, alt. 1360 m, 1997-05-05, D. Y. Hong and Y. X. Feng H9705 (PE, A, CAS, K, MO, S).
(1b) Paeonia rockii subsp. taibaishanica Hong, subsp. nov. TYPE: Shaanxi, Mt. Taibai, Shangbaiyun, alt. 1750m, in forest, on cliff, 1985-05-24, D. Y. Hong and X. Y. Zhu PB85061(holotype, PE). Fig.2
Fig.2 A leaf of Paeonia rockii subsp. taibaishanica Hong (drawn by Miss Hong L. on Hong, D. Y. and Zhu, X. Y. PB85061. the holotype)
Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews var. spontanea Rehder in J. Arn. Arb. 1. 193. 1920, p. p. quaod specim. Mt. Taibai.
A subspecie typica foliolis ovatis vel orbicularibus, plerumque lobatis differt.
This subspecies differs from the typical one in leaflets ovate or rounded and mostly or totally lobed. Geographically they are allopatric or almost so.
Haw and Lauener's (1990) „rockii“ seems to include two subspecies. Their Fig. 1a may be based on J. Rock's specimen (Rock's Variety) from a lamasery at "Choni" (Jone) in Gansu and is apparently different from the type. "Rock's Variety" is very similar to the specimens from Mt. Taibai and belongs to the new subspecies. I suppose that "Rock's Variety" was brought by monks from a lamasery or a temple in Mt. Taibai in Shaanxi to Jone in Gansu.
Shannxi: Mt. Taibai, 1985-10-13, X. Y. Zhu and Z. H. Wu PB85086 (PE);
eodemloc., Dadian Lamasery, alt. 2300m, in cultivation, 1985-05-24, D. Y. Hong and X. Y. Zhu, PB85066(PE);
eodemloc.. Shangbaiyun , in front of the temple, alt. 1820 m, in cultivation, 1997-05-08, D. Y. Hong, Y. Z. Ye and Y. X. Feng, H97058(PE, A, CAS, K, MO, S);
eodemloc., Heihuguan, among bushes, 1939-05-05, K. T. Fu 2584 (PE);
Mt. Taibai, Purdom, s. n (A! syntypes of P. suffruticosa var. spontanea Rehder);
Longxian, Y. L. Pei 916001(PE).
Gansu: Tianshui, Baiyanglin, Z. W. Zhang 13(PE).
Acknowledgements:
We would like to thank Profs. S. Y. Wang, Y. Z. Ye,K. Y. Pan, and Dr. Y. Z. Wang and Miss Y. X. Feng for their assistance in the field work.
Literatur cited
(1-4 in chinese).
FarrerRJ, 1914. Exploration in China, 2. In: Kansu Gard Chron, ser. 3, 56: 213
Haw S G, Lauener L A, 1990. A review of the infraspecific taxa of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews. Edinb J Bot. 47(3): 273-281
Hong D Y, Pan K Y, 1999: A revision of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews complex( Paeoniaceae). Nord J Bot, 19(1) (in press)
Stern F C, 1946. A Study of the Genus Paeonia. London; Royal Hort Soc
07f00">ss Y. X. Feng for their assistance in the field work.
Literatur cited
(1-4 in chinese).
FarrerRJ, 1914. Exploration in China, 2. In: Kansu Gard Chron, ser. 3, 56: 213
Haw S G, Lauener L A, 1990. A review of the infraspecific taxa of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews. Edinb J Bot. 47(3): 273-281
Hong D Y, Pan K Y, 1999: A revision of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews complex( Paeoniaceae). Nord J Bot, 19(1) (in press)
Stern F C, 1946. A Study of the Genus Paeonia. London; Royal Hort Soc
De-yuan Hong & Kai-yu Pan
A revision of the Paeonia suffruticosa complex (Paeoniaceae)
Hong, D.-Y. & Pan, K.-Y. 1999. A revision of the Paeonia suffruticosa complex (Paeoniaceae). -Nordic Journal of Botany 19: 289-299. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107-055X.
1a.
Paeonia suffruticosa ssp. suffruticosa
1b.
Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews ssp. yinpingmudan D.-Y. Hong, K.-Y. Pan et Z. W. Xie
2.
Paeonia jishanensis T. Hong et W. Z. Zhao
3.
Paeonia qiui Y. L. Pei et D.-Y. Hong
4.
Paeonia ostii T. Hong et J. X. Zhang
5.
Paeonia rockii (S. G. Haw et L. A. Lauener) T. Hong et J. J. Li
5a.
5b.
Paeonia rockii subsp. taibaishanica Hong
x
Paeonia x papaveracea Andrews
x
Paeonia x baokangensis Z. L. Dai et T. Hong
The taxonomical concept of the Paeonia suffruticosa complex i.e. Sect. Moutan Subsect. Vaginatae, has changed greatly since 1990. Six species and four subspecies have been described as new and two subspecies raised to specific level. Five species and two subspecies are recognized in the present revision, viz. P. suffruticosa subsp. suffruticosa and subsp. yinpingmudan, P. jishanensis, P. qiui, P. ostii, P. rockii subsp. rockii and subsp. taibaishanica. P. yananensis, P. ridleyi, P. spontanea, P. moutan subsp. atava, P. suffruticosa subsp. atava, P. rockii subsp. linyanshanii and P. ostii var. lishizhenii are treated as synonyms. P. papaveracea and P. baokangensis are proposed to be interspecific hybrids. A key to the recognized species and subspecies is provided. Biological features of the species are described and their distributions are mapped. The relationships between species are inferred and the origins of commonly cultivated tree peonies (P. suffruticosa and P. ostii) are discussed.
D.-Y. Hong and K.-Y. Pan, Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China.
Introduction
Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews (tree peony, mudan in Chinese) has been cultivated in China for more than two thousand years since the Han Dynasty, and now throughout the temperate region in the world. It is named as "King of Flowers" in China and is one of four candidates for the national flower of China. As one of the most famous ornamental flowers and Chinese medicinal plants, however, its circumscription as a species and its relationships with other woody species in the genus are sometimes ambiguous. Andrews' Bot. Rep. 6: t. 373 (1804) (the type of P. suffruticosa} shows that P. suffruticosa is a cultivated plant with double and red flowers and lobed leaflets. It is the first species described in the woody group of Paeonia. Sims' Curtis' Bot. Mag. t. 1154 (1807) (the type of P. moutan) also shows a cultivated plant with double and red flowers. They are apparently conspecific and match well the tree peony commonly cultivated as an ornament in gardens. Rehder (1920) described for the first time a variety of P.suffruticosa from the wild, viz. var. spontanea. This variety was recognized by Stem (1946), Fang (1958), Anonymous (1972) and Pan (1979). Stem (1946) divided the section Moutan DC. into two subsections: Subsect. Vaginatae and Subsect. Delavayana. In the former he included only one species, P. suffruticosa and its variety, var. spontanea. However, Stem's (1946) description of P. suffruticosa is mainly based on a specimen from Choni Lamasery, Gansu (Kansu) (J. F. Rock s. n.) with bipinnate leaves, rose-pink to white petals with a dark purple blotch at the base and yellowish white floral disc. Thus, Stern's "P. suffruticosa" is different from the one commonly cultivated in gardens (Andrews' (1804) P. suffruticosa) and must belong to another species. Rock's plant was later called "Rock's Variety" (Haw & Lauener 1990; Stem 1946). Fang (1958) , following Stem, also included specimens from the wild in Gansu and Shaanxi in his P. suffruticosa. He described P. yunnanensis as new, but it was apparently a cultivated plant with a double flower, and has been reduced to a synonym of P. suffruticosa by Pan(1979). Anonymous (1972) used "P. papaveracea Andrews" for the species from the wild in Gansu and Shaanxi (Rock's Variety"). Pan (1979) also realized that the group from Gansu and Shaanxi was different from the typical mudan in gardens and treated it as P. suffruticosa var. papaveracea (Andr.) Kerner. So, her P. suffruticosa includes three varieties, var. spontanea, var. papaveracea in addition to the typical one. Haw & Lauener (1990) recognized three subspecies in P. suffruticosa: the typical one (cultivated), subsp. Spontanea and subsp. rockii (i.e. Stern's suffruticosa or Pan's papaveracea), because they found that Andrews' papaveracea was also cultivated and could not be applied to "Rock's Variety". Therefore, only one species was recognized in the complex, P. suffruticosa, until early 1990's, although the first author of the present paper and his co-workers (Hong et al. 1988) realized that tree peony cultivated for Chinese traditional medicine, “mudanpi”, was different from the one commonly cultivated as an omament in gardens in having single and pure white flowers, red-purple disc and long and often entire leaflets. However, they did not present a taxonomnic treatment but just used the name "P. aff suffruticosa" for it.
T. Hong and his coauthors (Hong, T. et al. 1992, 1994, 1997) have recently described five new species and one new subspecies, and raised Haw and Lauener's two subspecies to specific level, i.e. P. ostii T. Hong et J.X. Zhang, P. jishanensis T. Hong et W. Z. Zhao, P. yananensis T. Hong et M. R. Li, P. ridleyi Z. L. Dai et T. Hong, P. baokangensis Z. L, Dai et T. Hong, P. rockii (S. G. Haw et L. A. Lauener) T. Hong et J. J.Li, P. spontanea (Rehder) T. Hong et W. Z. Zhao and P. rockii subsp. linyanshanii T. Hong et G. L. Osti. In late 1980's and early 1990's the first author of the present paper, Hong, D.-Y. and his students, Qiu, J.-Z. and Pei, Y.-L. made several expeditions to the Shennongjia Mountains in W. Hubei Province, the Qinling Range in Gansu Province, Shaanxi Province, and the Zhongtiao Mountains in S. Shanxi Province, and W. Henan Province. As a result of the expeditions, one new species, P. qiui (Pei & Hong 1995) and two new subspecies, P. rockii subsp. taibaishanica (Hong 1998) and P. suffruticosa subsp. yinpingmudan (Hong et al. 1998) were described. Summarizing what we have mentioned above, there nine valid specific names in the P. suffruticosa group (Stern's (1946) Subsect. Vaginatae), eight of wich were described in 1990's from a relatively small area, W. Hubei, W. Henan, S. Shanxi, Shaanxi and SE. Gansu. The questions arise whether there are really so many species in the group and which names are appropriate for the tree peony commonly seen in gardens and allies; a taxonomical revision is badly needed for this very famous group of plants.
Observation and discussion
With the above questions in mind, the first author of the present paper, D.-Y. Hong recently made several field trips with assistance of his students or colleagues to the distribution range ofthe group, to S. Shanxi in 1993, to W. Henan and Yan'an of Shaanxi in 1994, to W. Henan, W. Hubei and Shaanxi in 1997, supported by the National Geographie Society (Grant 5515-95) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 39391500 and 39630030), in addition to a number of expeditions to this area made by his students, Qiu J. Z. and Pei Y. L. from 1990 to 1993. He has visited in flowering seasons all the type localities except for that of P. rockii.
The Paeonia suffruticosa complex (P. suffruticosa and its allies) forms a natural group in Paeonia Sect. Moutan DC. (tree peonies), which is characterized by floral disc entirely enveloping 5 (very occasionally 6) tomentose carpels, while the other three species of the section, P. decomposita (Hong, D.-Y. 1996, 1997b), P. delavayi (Hong, D.-Y. et al. 1998a) and P. ludlowii (Hong, D.-Y. 1997a), have 1-4 (5) glabrous carpels which are enveloped only at the base or lower half by a much shorter floral disc.
D.-Y. Hong and his co-workers (Hong, D.-Y. et al. 1998b) have shown that the tree peony commonly cultivated in gardens, P. suffruticosa (Plate l), may have been derived from the wild one in Anhui and Henan provinces (Plates 2 and 3, Fig. l) , not from Rehder's spontanea (P. jishanensis){Plate 4, Fig. 2) as previously proposed (Stern 1946). They indicated the differences between P. suffruticosa and P. jishanensis and recognized the latter as an independent species, while treated the wild one in Anhui and Henan as a subspecies, P. suffruticosa subsp. yinpingmudan.
Haw & Lauener's (1990) "rockii", i.e. Anonymous' (1972) "papaveracea" or Pan's (1979) "P. suffruticosa var. papaveracea" is rather widely but scatteredly distributed in the Qinling Range in SE. Gansu and Shaanxi, the Funiu Mountains in W. Henan and the Shennongjia Mountains in W. Hubei. There are some differences between populations, but they form a natural group with leaves tri- (or bi-) pinnate; leaflets mostly 19-33, very occasionally less than 19; petals white but with a dark purple blotch at the base; filaments yellow; floral disc and Stigmata yellowish (Figs 5, 6; Plate 7), in which they differ from all other plants in the complex. The taxon has been raised to specific level by T. Hong and his coworker, P. rockii (S. G. Haw et L. A. Lauener) T. Hong et W. Z. Zhao(1994). The taxonomic history and infraspecific division of the species has been discussed and treated by D.-Y. Hong (1998). We have examined the type of P. papaveracea Andrews (Bot. Rep. 7: t. 463. 1807) and found that it has a single flower, white petals with a purple-red blotch at the base, dark purple disc, purple-red filaments, red Stigmata and deeply lobed leaflets. This colour plate is extremely similar to the plant we found in the garden and the adjacent field, and in secondary forests on Wanhua Shan, Yan'an, Shaanxi (Plate 8). It is considered as a hybrid between P. rockii and P. spontanea and identical with P. yananensis T. Hong et M. R. Li (see the explanation under P. x papaveracea). The application of this name by Anonymous (1972) and Pan (1979) to the wild plant in Gansu and Shaanxi (=P. rockii), and by Haw & Lauener (1990) to a cultivar in P. suffruticosa subsp. suffruticosa is unreasonable.
Paeonia ostii T. Hong et J. X. Zhang is, according to the present authors, an independent species, which is widely cultivated mostly in villages and fields, but very rarely in gardens, and is just the source of "mudanpi", a famous Chinese traditional medicine. It has now become clear that the medicinal plant commonly cultivated in villages and fields with single flowers is P. ostii (Plate 6), whereas the omamental one commonly cultivated in gardens with double flowers is P. suffruticosa subsp. suffruticosa. Their differences are not only in whether flowers are double or single, but also in leaves which are bipinnate with most leaflets entire in P. ostii (Fig. 4), while biternate with all or most. leaflets lobed in P. suffruticosa subsp. suffruticosa.
Paeonia qiui Y. L. Pei et Hong was found only in one population in the Shennongjia Mountains (Songbai Town) when it was described as new. It was also found in 1997 in Baokang County, about 50 km E. of the type locality, Songbai Town. It is the most closely related to P. suffruticosa, from which it differs only by leaflets mostly entire (Fig. 3) and usually purple above and petals with a red blotch at the base (Plate 5).
Paeonia ridleyi Z. L. Dai et T. Hong is considered as a synonym of P. qiui because no any distinct difference has been found between them and their types are from the same mountain range; P. spontanea is a synonym of P. jishanensis T. Hong et W. Z. Zhao. P. yananensis T. Hong et M. R. Li is a hybrid and is a synonym of P. x papaveracea as indicated under P. x papaveracea, and P. baokangensis Z. L. Dai et T. Hong (Plate 9) is also proposed to be a hybrid (see below). As Hong, D.-Y. et al. (1988) pointed out, in the section Moutan (woody group) the chromosome number is always 2n=10, and no obvious difference in karyotype was detected between species. Therefore, there should be no reproductive barrier between species in this section as inferred from the karyotype.
Taxonomical treatment Key to the species and subspecies
1. The best-developed leaves biternate, with 9 leaflets
... 2
1. The best-developed leaves bi- or tri-pinnate with more than 9 leaflets
... 5
2. Petals with no blotch at base; leaflets always or nearly always lobed, green above; flowers double or single
... 3
2. Petals with a red blotch at base; leaflets mostly entire, often purple above; flowers single
3. P. qiui
3. Leaves pubescent at least along veins on lower surface; lateral leaflets rounded or broadly ovate, 3-lobed, lobes usually again 2-lobed
2. P. jishanensis
3. Leaves glabrous; lateral leaflets ovate, 2-or 3-lobed, rarely entire
... 4
4. Flowers double
1a.P.suffruticosa ssp. suffruticosa
4. Flowers single
1b.P.suffruticosa ssp. yinpingmudan
5. Petals entirely white; floral disc purple; best-developed leaves with 11-15 leaflets
4. P. ostii
5. Petals white but with a large dark-purple blotch at base; floral disc yellowish; best developed leaves with leaflets (17)19-33
... 6
6. Leaflets lanccolate or ovate-lanceolate, mostly entire
5a. P. rockii ssp. rockii
6. Leaflets ovate or ovate-rounded, mostly lobed
5b. P. rockii ssp. taibaishanica
l. Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews
Bot. Rep. 6:t. 373. 1804; Rehder, Man. Cult. Trees and Shrubs, 214. 1927; Chen, 111. Man. Chin. Trees & Shrubs, Ist ed. 261. Fig. 193. 1937, 2nd ed. 261. Fig. 193. 1953; Stern, Stud. Gen. Paeonia, 40. 1946, quoad nom.; Fang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7(4); 313, 1958 p.p. excl. syn. P. papaveracea Andrews and P. decomposita Hand.-Mazz.; K. Y. Pan in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 27: 41. 1979, p. p. excl. syn. P. decomposita Hand.-Mazz. -Type: Andrews' plate. Bot. Rep. 6: t. 373. 1804(!)
The species is characterized by biternate leaves with no more than 9 leaflets and leaflets mostly lobed. It includes one of the most famous omaments, mudan, commonly cultivated in gardens, and its wild relative, here treated as two subspecies.
None of the specimens cited under “P. suffruticosa" by Stern (1946) belongs to this taxon; those from Kansu (Gansu), Tibet and Bhutan belong to P. rockii, while that from Tatsien-lu (Kangding), Sichuan, is P. decomposita. D.-Y. Hong (1997a, b) has made it clear that in NW. Sichuan (including Kangding) there is only woody species of Paeonia, P. decomposita, whereas the plants in S. Tibet and Bhutan are P. rockii which was introduced there.
1a. Paeonia suffruticosa ssp. suffruticosa top
Paeonia arborea Donn, Hortus Cantabrig., 3rd ed., 102. 1804, nom. nud.
P. suffruticosa var. purpurea Andrews, Bot. Rep. 7. t. 448, 1807. - Type: the plate cited(!)
P. moutan Sims, Curtis' Bot. Mag. 29. t. 1154. 1808. - Type: the plate cited (!)
P. yunnanensis Fang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7(4): 306. Pl. 61-2. 1958. - Type: Yunnan, Lijiang, T. T. Yu 8143 (KUN!)
Flowers always double, various in colour (Plates 1-3). Only known in cultivation. It has been cultivated for more than two thousand years and has hundreds of cultivars. The subspecies is considered to have been domesticated from its closest relative, the subspecies yinpingmudan (Hong, D.-Y. et al. 1998b).
1b. Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews ssp. yinpingmudan D.-Y. Hong, K.-Y. Pan et Z. W. Xie top
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 36 (6): 515-520. 1998. - Type: China, Anhui, Caohu, Yinping Shan, on cliff, 1997,04,28, Pan, K. Y. and Xie, Z. W. 9701 (PE!)
This subspecies has only two extant individuals according to our extensive field work. The type individual is said to have existed on the cliff for hundreds of years. The flowers are purely white and single (Plate 2). Its filaments and Stigmata are purple-red and floral disc is red-purple. One leaf we obtained is bitemate and glabrous; leaflets 9, with terminal ones triangular, segmented, lateral ones ovate, 2-or 3-lobed, rarely entire. Thus its leaf is extremely similar to P. suffruticosa but differs remarkably from P. jishanensis (Figs l and 2).
The individual cultivated by Mr Yang in Henan also has single but pale purple-red flowers, with leaves similar to P. suffruticosa, but different obviously from P. jishanensis (Plates 3 and 4). Mr Yang told us that he introduced the shrub from a nearby mountain in early 1960's, where it cannot be found at present.
Specimens examined. Henan, Songxian, Muzhijie Township, Shigunping, Secaogou, at side of Yang Hui-fang's house, 1997,04,28, Hong, Ye and Feng H97010 (PE, MO).
2. Paeonia jishanensis T. Hong et W. Z. Zhao top
Bull. Bot. Res. 12(3): 225. Fig. 2. 1992. - Type: China, Shanxi, Jishan, Xiqiu, alt. 1200 m. 1991,05,10. Hong, T.915010(CAF,n.v.)
P. spontanea (Rehder) T. Hong et W. Z. Zhao Bull. Bot. Res. 14(3): 238, 1994.
P. suffructicosa ssp. spontanea (Rehder) S. G. Haw & L. A. Lauener in Edinb. J. Bot. 47(3): 278. 1990.
P. suffruticosa var. spontanea Rehder in J. Arn. Arb. l. 193. 1920, p.p., excl. specim. Tai-pei-shan (Mt. Taibai), Purdom s.n.(syntype of var. spontanea. A!); Stern, Stud. Gen. Paeonia, 43. 1946; K. Y. Pan, Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 27: 45. 1979. - Type (lectotype): China, Shaanxi, "50 li W. of Yenanfu" [Yan'an!], 1910, Purdom 338 (here designated A! isolectotypes E, K).
The group has been treated at three different levels, as variety by Rehder (1920), Stern (1946), Anonymous (1972) and Pan (1979), as subspecies by Haw & Lauener (1990) and as independent species by Hong, T. & Zhao (1994). The major differences between "suffruticosa" and "spontanea" are leaflet shape (particularly lateral ones), leaflet division and leaf indumentum in addition to whether there exist plantlets from root turions (spontanea) or not (suffruticosa).
The entity is scatteredly found in the Zhongtiao Mountains (Yongji County in Shanxi and Jiyuan County in Henan), the Luliang Mountains (Jishan County, Shanxi), the Huashan Mountains (Huayin County, Shaanxi), and Tongchuan and Yan'an both in Shaanxi (Fig. 7). All these populations except the one in Yan'an grow in thickets or in secondary deciduous forests at altitudes from 900 to 1700 m. The population in Yan'an consists of several individuals at the western side of the peony garden behind Zhaojun Temple in Wanhua Shan, and may well be introduced and naturalized there. Because the garden has been established probably for hundreds of years, and no one (including local people) knows its exact history, it is hard to give a definite answer about the history of P. jishanensis in Yan'an. All the populations mentioned above have purely white petals which are occasionally pinkish at the periphery (Plate 4).
Specimens examined. Henan: Jiyuan, 1050 m alt. 1997,04,26 Wang. S. Y. H97001 (PE, MO); Huadong-shu Forest Farm, 1200 m alt., 1994,05,22, Wang, S.Y. and Zhang, Y.J. 940220 (PE).
Shaanxi, Yan'an, Wanhua Shan, 36.6N, 109.4E, near the peony garden, 1997,05,09, Hong, D. Y. and Feng Y. X. H97066 (PE); eodem loc., Hsia, W. Y. 3519 (PE); Shaanxi-Gansu Basin, Le, T. Y. s. n. (PE).
Shanxi, no precise locality, 1390 m alt 1916,06.16, P. Licent 1909 (PE); Jishan: Xishe, 1550 m alt. 1989,05, Qiu, J. Z. PB89201 (PE); eodem loc. 1440 m alt. Qiu, J. Z. PB89501 (PE) ; Majiagou Village, 35.7N, 110.9 E. 1400 m alt. 1996,05,14, Zhou, S. L. H96053 (PE, A, K, MO, S); Majiagou Forest Farm, Chayuangou, 1450 m alt. 1982,05,14, Liu T. W. and Zeng Z. F. 165 (PE); eodem loc. Pei, Y. L. 9002 (PE); eodem loc., Pei, Y. L. and Hong, D. Y. 93003 (PE), 93006 (PE), 93008 (PE), 93009 (PE); Yongji, Shuiyukou Village, Pei, Y. L. 9170 (PE), 9180 (PE). 9201(PE); eodem loc., Pei, Y. L. and Hong, D. Y. 93011 (PE), 93427 (PE).
3. Paeonia qiui Y. L. Pei et D.-Y. Hong top
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 33(1): 91. Fig. l. 1995. -Type: China, Hubei, Shennongjia, Sunbai (Songbai) Town, 1650-2010 m alt. on steep precipice and overhanging rocks, 1988, 05, 20, Qiu J. Z. PB88034 (PE!).
P. ridleyi Z. L. Dai et T. Hong in Bull. Bot. Res. 17(1):1. Fig.l(p.4). 1997, syn. nov. - Type: China, Hubei, Baokang County, Laoyashan, Chongchongya (Changchongya), 1400 m alt. 1994,05,03, Dai, Z. L. 94053 (Baokang Forestry Research Institute Hubei Province!; photo, PE!).
The species is characterized by bitemate leaves with 9 leaflets, which are ovate or broad-ovate, mostly entire and often purple above (Fig, 3), and whitish pink or pink petals with a red blotch at the base (Plate 5). Apparently it is the most closely retated to P. suffruticosa. It sometimes reproduces vegetatively by root turions.
P. qiui is so far found only in four localities in W. Hubei (Songbai Town in the Shennongjia Nature Reserve, and Houping Town and Laoyashan in Baokang County) and W. Henan (Xixia) (Fig. 7). Three of four remaining populations are found on cliffs with a few individuals. Therefore, it is the most endangered species in Paeonia, on the verge of extinction. It is very urgent to take effective measures to conserve the species.
Specimens examined. Hubei, Shennongjia, Songbai Town: 1988,04,25, Qiu, J.Z. PB88018 (PE) and PB88021 (PE); eodem loc. 2000 m alt. 1988,05, 06 Qiu, J.Z. PB88022 (PE), PB88023(PE), PB88024(PE), PB88025(PE) and PB88026(PE); eodem loc.,1991,05,04, Pei, Y.L. 9110 (PH); Songbai Town, sunny grassy slope, 2200 m alt. 1986,05,19, Chen, T. and Ma, L. M. PB86013 (PE); Baokang, Houping Town, Hongjiayuan, in front of Mr. SU Yuan-zhi's house, 1997,05,02, Hong, Ye and Feng H97023 (PE, A, K, MO, S); eodem loc. Yanghu Shan, 1000 m alt. limestone, in secondary forests, 1997,05,02, Hong, Ye and Feng H97027 (PE, MO) and H97028(PE, MO); Houping Town, Chefongping, 1300 m alt., E slope, limestone, on cliffs. 1997,05,03, Hong, Ye and Feng H97029 (PE, A, K, MO, S); eodem loc., Wudaoxia, 1000 m alt., 1997,05,04, Hong, Ye and Feng H97045 (PE).
Henan, Xixia, in forests, 1600 m, 1988,05, Qiu, J. Z. 8305(PE).
4. Paeonia ostii T. Hong et J. X. Zhang top
Bot. Res. 12(3): 223. Fig. l (p.231). 1992. - Type:
Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industrial Management, Arboretum of Rare and Endangered Trees, introduced from Mt. Yangshan of Songxian, 1990,05,10, Hong,T. 905010(CAF).
P. ostii T. Hong et J. X. Zhang var. lishizhenii B. A. Shen in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35(4): 360. 1997. syn. nov.
- Type: Anhui, Nanling, Yashan 200-250 m alt. road-side on slope, 1984,04,18, Shen B. A. PB1018 (holotype in Wuhu Municipal Drug Bureau of Anhui Province; isotype, PE!).
The diagnostic characters of this species are leaves bipinnate; leaflets 11-15 on the best developed leaves, ovate, ovate-lanceolate, mostly entire (Fig. 4); flowers single and purely white; filaments red-purple; floral disc dark purple and Stigmata red (Plate 6).
Although we did not examine the type specimen, we have seen the shrub in the campus of Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industrial Management, from which the type specimen was collected.
It is a distinct species, but had been confused with P. suffruticosa subsp. suffruticosa (Pan 1979) until D.-Y. Hong et al. (1988) who realized their differences, though they did not formally describe it as new. They just used the name P. aff. suffruticosa for it.
We have compared the type and protologue of this species to plants commonly cultivated for "mudanpi" (a famous Chinese traditional medicine) in Tongling, Anhui Province, the famous cultivation locality of "mudanpi". They resemble each other very well and thus the plant commonly cultivated for "mudanpi" should be identified as P. ostii.
P. ostii is cultivated on a large scale in Tongling, Anhui Province and also widely but scatteredly in other provinces, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, etc. So far we have not found it in the wild. Hong, T. et al. (1992) stated that the shrub, from which the type was collected, was introduced from "Songxian, Yangshan, alt. 1200 m, in thickets on slopes". We visited the place in Henan Province twice, in 1994 and 1997, and searched extensively for the plant in the mountains. We did find the species cultivated in Secaogou Village, but not in wild in the mountains. However, we found in 1998 its existence in wild in W. Henan (Lushi Co) (Hong et al. H98005).
Specimens examined. Anhui: Nanling, Yashan, 1984,04,18, Sheng, B. A. 1018 (the type of P. ostii var. lishizhenii, PE); Mt. Jiuhua in cultivation, 1986,04,28, Hong, D. Y. and Chen, T. PB86007(PE).
Henan, Neixiang, Baotianman Nature Reserve, Mu2huliu Village, 800 m alt., cultivated. 1997,04,30. Hong, Ye and Feng H97021 (PE); Xixia, 1600 m alt. in forest. 1988,05,14, Qiu, J.Z. PB88302 (PE); Songxian, Jiulongdong, 1200 m alt. 1994,05,07, Jia H.Y. 001 (PE) and 002 (PE); Muzhuwa, 1150 m alt. 1994,05,20, Jia, H.Y. 004 (PE) and 005 (PE); Nuzhaihuai, 1150 m alt. 1994,05,24, Jia, H.Y. 011 (PE); Luanshitou, 1250 m alt. 1994,05,25 Jia, H.Y. 034 (PE); Bailigou, 1200 m alt. 1994,05,27, Jia H.Y. 036 (PE) and 038 (PE); Bailigou, Dongling, 1200 m alt. 1994,05,18, Jia, H.Y. 042(PE) and 043 (PE).
Hubei, Baokang, Siping Town, Jiejiaping Village, cultivated, 1997,05,05, Hong, Ye and Feng H97052(PE).
Shaanxi, Mt. Taibai, 1350 m alt. in cultivation, 1985,05,23. Hong, D. Y. and Zhu, X. Y. PB85052 (PE); Huangling, Huangdi Tomb, cultivated, 1994, 05, 04, Hong, Pan and Zhang 94007(PE); eodem loc. 1997, 05, 10, Hong, D. Y. and Feng, Y. X. H97069 (PE).
5. Paeonia rockii (S. G. Haw et L. A. Lauener) T. Hong et J. J. Li top
Bull. Bot. Res. 12(3): 227. Fig. 4. 1992; D. Y. Hong in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 37: 1998.
P. suffruticosa Andrews subsp. rockii S. G. Haw et L. A. Lauener in Edinb. J. Bot. 47(3): 279. Fig. l a (p.276). 1990. - Type: China, Kansu (Gansu), "probably near Wutu (Wudu), (Farrer's Chieh Jo)", Farrer no 8(?) (E, photo PE!).
P. papaveracea auct. non Andrews: Anonymous, Icon. Cormophyt. Sin. l: 652. Fig. 1303. 1972.
P. suffruticosa Andr. var. papaveracea auct. non. Andrews: K. Y. Pan in Wang, W. T. (ed.): Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 27: 45. pl. 3(p.43). 1979.
P. suffruticosa auct. non Andrews: Stern, Stud. Gen. Paeonia, 40. 1946, p. p.; Fang, in Acta Phytotax Sin. 7(4): 313. 1958, p.p.
P. moutan Sims subsp. atava Brühl in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 5(2): 114. pl. 126. 1896, syn. nov. -Type: Tibet (Xizang), Chumbi, Tuk Chang, 1884, 06, King's Collector 549 (K).
P. suffruticosa Andr. subsp. atava (Brühl) S. G. Haw et L. A. Lauener, in Edinb. J. Bot. 47(3): 280. 1990. syn.nov.
P. suffruticosa Andrews, "Rock's Variety' ('Joseph Rock') hort.
This species is characterized by leaves tri- (or bi-) pinnate; leaflets usually 19-33, very rarely less than 19; filaments yellow; floral disc yellowish white; Stigmata yellow and petals white but with a dark purple blotch at the base. Thus, the species differs distinctly from the other four in the complex. And its flowers are the largest in the whole genus.
D.-Y. Hong (1997a) has described bis searching for P. moutan subsp. atava in its type locality, Yadong, S. Tibet, in 1996 with failure, and explained his consideration that so-called "atava" was actually "P. rockii" introduced by lamas.
It is relatively widely distributed in four provinces, Gansu, Shaanxi, Henan and Hubei (Fig.8). Two subspecies can be recognized.
5a. Paeonia rockii subsp. rockii top
Paeonia rockii subsp. linyanshanii T. Hong et G. L. Osti in Bull. Bot. Res. 14(3):237, Figs l & 2. 1994. -Type: Gansu, Wenxian, Baimahegou, alt. 1570 m, 1993,04,28, Zhang, Q. R. 19930428 (CAF).
This subspecies (Fig. 5; Plate 7) is relatively widely distributed and usually grows in deciduous forests at an altitude of 1100-2800 m .
Specimens examined. Gansu, Zhugqu, Taozhou Forest Farm, on edges of Pinus armendii forests, 2800 m alt. 1959,05,22, Jiang S. and Jin C. L. 423 (PE); no precise locality, Pei, Y.L. 9116 (PE); Wudu, Lanshan, 2500 m alt., 1930,06,21, Hao K. S. 501 (PE); Wenxian, no precise locality, Pei Y. L. 9115 (PE); Zhilong Shan, Shihuigou, 1956,05,14, Yellow River Exped. 3698 (PE).
Shaanxi, Lueyang, Baishuijiang Town, Siping Village, Pei, Y. L. 9140 (PE).
Henan: Songxian, Muzhijie Township, Mt. Yangshan, Yangjiaohao, W. slope, limestone, in Ulmus forest, 1450 m alt. 1994,05,02, Hong, D.Y. and Ye Y. Z. 94003 (PE); eodem loc. Daxigou, under limestone rock, 1994,05,02, Wang, S. Y. and Wang, Y. Z. 94002 (PE); Xisangou, 1080 m alt., 1994,05,07, Jia, H. Y. 023 (PE) and 024 (PE); Neixiang, Baotiaman Nature Reserve, Muzhuliu, Mudanduo, 1100 m alt. in secondary deciduous forest, 1997,04,30, Hong, Ye and Feng H97015 (PE, MO); eodem loc, Muzhuliu Village, in cultivation, 1997,04,30, Hong, Ye and Feng H97016 (PE, A, CAS,K, MO, S).
Hubei. Shennongjia, Songbai, 1900 m alt. 1988,05,06, Qiu, J.Z. PB88027 (PE), PB88028 (PE) and PB88029 (PE); eodem loc., 2000 m alt. 1988,05,06, Qiu, J. Z. PB88030 (PE); eodem loc. 2100 m alt.
1988,05,06, Qiu, S.Z. PB88031(PE) and PB88032 (PE); eodem loc. 1900 m alt. 1988,05,20, Qiu, S.Z. PB88033 (PE) ; eodem loc“ 1600 m alt. 1988,05,20, Qiu, J.Z. PB88035 (PE). Songbai, Shantunya, 1988,05 Qiu, J.Z. PB3601 (PE); Songbai, shady slope, in forests, 1400-1800 m alt. 1986,05,18, Chen, T. and Ma, L. M. PB86008 (PE) & PB86075 (PE); Baokang, Houping Town, Hongjiayuan Village, in front of Mr. SU Yuan-zhi's house, in cultivation, 1997,05,02, Hong, Ye and Feng H97024 (PE); Houping Town, Zhanjiapo Village, in deciuotis forest, on limestone rocks, 1360 m alt. 1997,05,05, Hong, Ye and Feng H97051( PE, A, CAS, K, MO, S).
5b. Paeonia rockii subsp. taibaishanica Hong top
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 36: 1998. - Type: Shaanxi, Mt. Taibai, Shangbaiyun, 1750 m alt. in deciduous forest, on cliff, 1985,05,24, Hong, D. Y. and Zhu, X. Y. PB85061 (PE!).
The subspecies is clearly different from the typical one in having leaflets ovate or ovate-rounded, mostly or totally lobed (Fig. 6). According to our present knowledge, it is confined to northem slope of the Qingling Range (Fig. 8) and grows in deciduous forests at an altitude of 1300-2000 m.
Specimens examined. Shaanxi, Mt. Taibai, 1985,10,13, Zhu, X. Y. and Wu, Z. H. PB85086 (PE); eodem loc., Dadian Lamasery, 2300 m alt. in cultivation, 1985,05,24, Hong, D. Y. and Zhu, X. Y. PB85066(PE); eodem loc., Shangbaiyun, in front ofthe temple, 1820 m alt. in cultivation, 1997,05,08, Hong, Ye and Feng H97058 (PE, A, CAS, K, MO,. S); eodem loc., Heihukuan, among bushes, 1939,05,05, Fu, K. T. 2584 (PE); Longxian , Pei, Y. L. 916001 (PE). Gansu, Tianshui, Baiyangling, Zhang, Z. W. 13(PE).
Paeonia x papaveracea Andrews (pro sp.) top
Bot. Rep. 7:t. 463. 1807. - Type: the plate cited (!).
P. yananensis T. Hong et M. R. Li in Bull. Bot. Res. 12(3): 226. Fig. 3(p. 233). 1992, syn. nov. - Type: China, Shaanxi, Yan'an, Wanhua Shan, in Plalycladus forests, 1991, 05,13, Hong, T. 915013 (CAF).
The specimen Hong, D. Y. and Feng, Y. X. H97068 (see below) extremely resembles Andrews' P. papaveracea in having lobed leaflets, single flowers, white petals with a purple-red blotch at the base, purple-red filaments, red-purple floral disc and red Stigmata (Plate 8). Hong, Pan and Zheng 94009 was collected exactiy at the type locality of P. yananensis, and Hong, Pan and Zheng 94011 was collected at the place ca. 400-500m E of the type locality. These threee Specimens are very similar to each other, and the latter two differ from Hong, D. Y. and Feng, Y. X. H97068 only in having petals pink instead of white. The number of their leaflets is mostly 11-15, in between P. rockii and P. jishanensis. All their characteristics can be found in these two species. Furthermore, P. jishanensis exists on Wanhua Shan, near the peony garden and P. rockii can also be found in the garden. Therefore, we have sufficient evidence to propose that P. papaveracea Andrews is a hybrid between P. rockii and P. jishanensis, and the hybrid escaped from the garden and have become naturalized.
Specimens examined. Shaanxi, Yan'an, Mt. Wanhua Shan, in Platycladus forest, 1994,05,05, Hong, Pan and Zheng 94009(PE); eodem loc. in the valleyofeast side, in Platycladus forest, Hong, Pan and Zheng 94011 (PE); Yan'an, Wanhua Township, Wangjiagou Village, in waste field, Hong, Pan and Zheng 94008 (PE); Yan'an, Mt. Wanhua Shan, in the valley of east side, in cultivation, 1997,05,09, Hong, D. Y. and Feng, Y. X. H97068 (PE).
Paeonia x baokangensis Z. L. Dai et T. Hong (pro sp.) top
Bull. Bot. Res. 17(1): 2. Fig. 2 (p.5). 1997. - Type: China, Hubei, Baokang County, Houping Township, 1996,05,02, Dai Z. L“ Ran, D. Y. & Li, Q. D. 96047 (Baokang Forestry Research Institute! photo PE!).
We consider that this is a hybrid between P. qiui and P. rockii, because all the characteristics of P. baokangensis can be found in these two species. Dai and Hong, T.'s protologue cited the type: "Baokang, Houpingzhen, Chefenggou, alt. 1600 m, in bush, May 2, 1996, Dai, Z.L“ Ran, D. Y. & Li Q. D. 96047". The first author of the present paper with assistance of bis Student, Miss Feng Y. X., and Prof. Ye Y. Z. at Henan Agricultural University vistited Mr Dai and examined the type.
Following Mr Dai's guidance we found the shrub from where the type was collected. The shrub was actually growing at the side of Mr Qi Xin-hua's house in Hongjiayuan village, Houping Town, 380 m alt. When we visited Mr Qi, there was a flower on the shrub just at anthesis, which is exactiy the same äs the type specimen in every aspect (Plate 9). Mr Qi told us that the shrub was introduced from a nearby mountain at least 20 years ago. In front of Mr Su Yuan-zhi's house in the same village but a couple of kilometers W. of Mr Qi's house, numerous individuais of Paeonia were growing. Among them, there were different forms, P. rockii, P. qiui and P. obovata, all of which were introduced from the nearby mountains according to Mr Su, and several hybrid individuals apparently came from hybridization between P. qiui and P. rockii. The story may well be: the villagers introduced peonies to their houses; P. qiui and P. rockii hybridized when they met in the village. In the nearby mountains in Houping Town we found both P. qiui (Mt. Chefongping, Hong, Ye and Feng H97029) and P. rockii (near Zhanjiapo village, Hong, Ye and Feng H97051), but not P. baokangensis in the mountains.
Specimens examined. Hubei, Baokang, Houping Town, Hongjiayuan Village, at the side of Mr. Qi Xin-hua's house. 380 m alt. 1997,05,02, Hong, Ye and Feng H97026 (PE, A, CAS, K, MO, S); the same village, in front of Mr. Su Yuan-zhi's house, 400 m alt. 1997,05,02, Hong, Ye and Feng H97025(PE).
Acknowledgements - The field work was supported by the National Geographie Society (Grant 5515-95) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 39391500 and 39630030). We are gratefül to Dr Qiu Jun-zhuan, Dr Pei Ye-long, Dr Zhang Shou-zhou, Mr Xie Zhong-wen and Miss Feng Yu-xin at our labora-tory, Professors Ye Yong-zhong, Wang Sui-yi and Dr Wang Ying-zheng at the Henan Agricultural University and Zheng Hong-chun at the Yan'an University for their assistance in the field work. We are also indebted to Mr Dai Zhen-lun at Baokang Forestry Research Institute of Hubei Province for his kind help. Our thanks are extended to the Harvard University Herbaria for sending us the syntypes of Paeonia suffruticosa var. spontanea on loan and to the Edinburgh Botanical Garden for sending us a photo of the type of P. suffruticosa subsp. rockii.
References top
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-, Zhang, J.-X., Li, J.-J., Zhao, W.-Z. & Li, M.-R. 1992. Study on the Chinese wild woody peonies (l): new taxa of Paeonia L. Sect. Moutan DC. - Bull. Bot. Res. 12(3):223-234. Pan, K.-Y. 1979. Paeonia. - In: Wang. W.-T. (ed.), Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. 27: 37-59. Science Press. Beijing.
Pei, Y.-L. & Hong, D.-Y. 1995. Paeonia qiui - a new woody species of Paeonia from Hubei, China. - Acta Phytotax. Sin. 33(1): 91-93.
Stern, F. C. 1946. A Study ofthe Genus Paeonia. - Roy. Hort. Soc., London.
Figures top
Fig. 1 A well-developed leaf of Paeonia suffruticosa subsp. yinpingmudan.
Fig. 2. The second (from below) (the best developed) leaf of Paeonia jishanensis.
Fig. 3. The second (from below) (the best developed) leaf of Paeonia qiui.
Fig. 4. The second (from below) (the best developed) leaf of Paeonia ostii
Fig. 5. The second (from below) (the best developed) leaf of Paeonia rockii subsp. rockii.
6. The second (from below) (the best developed) leaf of Paeonia rockii subsp. taibaishanica.
Fig. 7. Distribution map of: squares Paeonia suffruticosa subsp. yingpingmudan. - dots P. spontanea. - triangle P. qiui.
Fig. 8. Distribution map of Paeonia rockii: black dots subsp. rockii. - circles subsp. taibaishanica.
HONG De-Yuan & PAN Kai-Yu
Taxonomical history and revision of Paeonia sect. Moutan (Paeoniaceae)
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 37(4):351-368(1999)
(Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093)
Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews
Paeonia suffruticosa subsp. suffruticosa
Paeonia suffruticosa subsp. yinpingmudan D. Y. Hong, K. Y. Pan et Z. W. Xie
Paeonia jishanensis T. Hong et W. Z. Zhao
Paeonia qiui Y. L. Pei et D. Y. Hong
Paeonia ostii T. Hong et J. X. Zhang
Paeonia rockii (S. G. Haw et L. A. Lauener ) T. Hong et J. J. Li
Paeonia rockii subsp. rockii
Paeonia rockii subsp. taibaishanica D. Y. Hong
Paeonia decomposita Hand.-Mazz.
Paeonia decomposita subsp. decomposita D. Y. Hong
Paeonia decomposita subsp. rotundiloba D. Y. Hong
Paeonia delavayi Franch.
Paeonia ludlowii
Paeonia x papaveracea Andrews
Paeonia x baokangensis Z. L. Dai et T. Hong
Abstract The taxonomical history of the woody group( peonies) in the genus Paeonia is reviewed in the present paper. The group is endemic to China, but Paeonia suffruticosa is commonly cultivated throughout the north temperate region and has long been known as "the King of Flowers" in China. However, the taxonomy of the group had been neglected before the 1990's. Since 1990, a number of new species and subspecies have been published. With the support from the National Geographic Society, the senior author of the present paper and his coworkers have made expeditions to all parts of the distribution area of the group, visited all the type localities and sampled a total of 64 populations. Based on the character analysis and examination of the type specimens or photos, each taxon is reviewed with its name checked nomenclaturally, and finally the taxonomy of the whole group is revised. As a result, eight species, three of which each contains two subspecies, are recognized. They are Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews subsp. suffruticosa and subsp. yinpingmudan D. Y. Hong. K. Y. Pan et Z. W. Xie, P. jishanensis T. Hong et W. Z. Zhao, P. qiui Y. L. Pei et D. Y. Hong, P. ostii T. Hong et J. X. Zhang, P. rockii (S. G. Haw et L. A. Lauener) T. Hong et J. J. Li subsp. rockii and subsp. taibaishanica D. Y. Hong, P. decomposita Hand.-Mazz. subsp. decomposita and subsp. rotundiloba D. Y. Hong, P. delavayi Franch. and P. ludlowii (Stern et Taylor) D. Y. Hong. P. baokangensis Z. L. Dai et T. Hong and P. yananensis T. Hong et M. R. Li are considered as hybrids between P. rockii and P. qiui and between P. rockii and P. jishanensis respectively. In addition, the reduction of a number of names recently published to synonyms is explained.
Key words Paeonia; Section Moutan ; Taxonomical history; Revision Paeonia sect. Moutan DC.
pages [352][353][354][355][356][357][358][359][[360][361] in chinese only, help needed for translation
Key to species
1. Flowers usually 2 or 3, terminal and axillary, ± pendent; disc fleshy, enveloping only the base of carpels.
2. Carpels usually 2-5( -7) ; follicles <4 x 1.5 cm; petals, filaments and stigma often not purely yellow; plants less than 2 m tall
7. P. delavayi Franch
2. Carpels nearly always single; follicles 4.7-7 x 2-3.3 cm; petals, filaments and stigma always yellow; plants 1.5-3.5 m tall
6. P. ludlowii (Stern et Taylor)D. Y. Hong
1. Flowers solitary, erect; disc leathery, enveloping completely carpels or half of them.
3. Disc enveloping half of carpels at anthesis; carpels 2-4(5), glabrous; leaves decomposite; leaflets(29) 33 - 63 in number, all lobed
6. P. decomposita Hand.-Man.
4. Carpels nearly always 5; leaflets narrow, terminal ones with length/width (1. 5) 1.7-2.7 (-3. 3); lobes narrow, terminal ones with length/width (1.6-)2.4-3.7(-4.3)
6a. subsp. decomposita
4. Carpels 2-5, usually 3 or 4; leaflets broader, terminal ones with length/width (1.0-) 1.2-1.8 (-2.2); lobes broader, terminal ones with length/width (1.0 -) 1.3-2.4 (-3.0)
6b. subsp. rotundiloba D. Y. Hong
3. Disc completely enveloping carpels at anthesis; carpels 5 (-7), densely tomentose; leaves biternate or bi- or tripinnate; leaflets usually less than 20 in number, if more at least some of them entire.
5. Leaves biternate; leaflets usually 9 in number.
6. Leaflets ovate or ovate-rounded, mostly entire, often reddish above; petals with a red spot at base
3 P. qiui YL. Pei et D. Y. Hong
6. Leaflets long-ovate, ovate or nearly rounded, green above; petals without spot.
7. Leaflets long-ovate or ovate, terminal leaflets deeply 3-lobed, with additional 1 to several lobes, lateral leaflets 2- or 3-lobed, some leaflets entire; lobes acute at apex; leaves glabrous on lower surface
1. P. suffruticosa Andrews
8. Flowers double, cultivated
1a. subsp. suffruticosa
8. Flowers single, wild
1b. subsp. yinpingmudan D. Y. Hong, K. Y. Pan et Z. X. Xie
7. Leaflets ovate-rounded to rounded, all deeply 3-lobed; lobes again lobed, acute to rounded at apex; leaves villose along veins on lower surface
2 P. jishanensis T. Hong et W. Z. Zhao
5. Best developed leaves pinnate; leaflets more than 9 in number, long-ovate to lanceolate, mostly entire, less frequently ovate-rounded, mostly lobed.
9. Leaves bipinnate; leaflets no more than 15 in number, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, mostly entire; petals white, without spot
4. P. ostii T. Hong et J. X. Zhang
9. Leaves tri-(less bi-) pinnate; leaflets (17)19-33 in number, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, mostly entire, or ovate to ovate-rounded, mostly lobed
5. P. rockii (S. G. Haw et L. A. Lauener) T. Hong et J. J. Li
10. Leaflets lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, mostly entire
5a. subsp. rockii
10. Leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, mostly lobed
5b. subsp. taibaishanica D. Y. Hong
(1) .......
Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews, Bot. Rep. 61 t. 373. 1804; Rehder, Man. Cult. Trees and Shrubs. 214. 1927; Chen, 111. Man. Chin. Trees and Shrubs. 1st ed. 261, fig. 193. 1937; Stern, Stud. Gen. Paeonia 40. 1946, quoad nom. i Fang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7(4): 313. 1958, p. p. excl. syn. P. papaveracea Andrews et P. decomposita Hand.-Mazz.; K. Y. Pan in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 27: 41. 1979, p.p. excl. syn. P. decomposita Hand.-Mazz. TYPE: Andrews' plate, Bot. Rep. 6: t. 373. 1804(1)
Stern(1946) P. suffruticosa ..............
............ P. decomposita,
(1a) .........
Paeonia suffruticosa subsp. suffruticosa
Paeonia arborea Donn, Hortus Cantabrig., 3rd ed. 102. 1804, nom. nud.
P. suffruticosa var. purpurea Andrews, Bot. Rep. 7:t. 448. 1807. TYPE: the plate cited (!)
P. moutan Sims, Curtis' Bot. Mag. 29: t. 1154. 1808. TYPE: the plate cited (!)
P. yunnanensis Fang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7(4): 306. PI. 61:2. 1958. TYPE: China. Yunnan, Lijiang, T. T. Yu 8143(KUN! )
P. suffruticosa var. rubro-plena (hort. )Baily in Rhodora 18: 156. 1916. syn. nov. TYPE: not designated.
P. suffruticosa var. roseo-superba (hort. ) Baily, 1. c. syn. nov. TYPE: not designated.
P. suffruticosa var. vittata (van Houtte) Baily, I.e. syn. nov.
P. moutan var. vittata van Houtte, Fl. De Serr.7,5,747. TYPE: the table cited (!)
P. suffruticosa var. banksii (hort. ) Baily, I.e. syn. nov. TYPE: not designated.
P. suffruticosa var. rosea (Lodd. ) Baily, I.e. syn. nov. TYPE: not designated.
P. suffruticosa var. humei (hort. ) Baily, I.e. syn. nov. TYPE: not designated.
.............
(1b)..........
Paeonia suffruticosa subsp. yinpingmudan D. Y. Hong, K. Y. Pan et Z. W. Xie in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 36(6): 519, fig. 2, colour pi. 2 & 3. 1998. TYPE: China. Anhui, Caohu, YinpingShan, on cliff, 1997-04-28, K. Y. Pan and Z. W. Xie 9701 (holotype, PE!)
............
(2) .............
Paeonia jishanensis T. Hong et W. Z. Zhao in Bull. Bot. Res. (Harbin)12(3): 225, fig. 2. 1992. TYPE: China. Shanxi, Jishan, Xiqiu, alt. 1200 m, 1991-05-10, T. Hong 915010 (holotype, CAF, n.v.).
Paeonia suffruticosa var. spontanea Rehder in J. Am. Arb. 1: 193. 1920, p. p. excl. specim. Tai-pei-shan (Mt. Taibai), Purdom, s.n. (syntype of var. spontanea Rehder, A!); Stern, Stud. Gen. Paeonia, 43. 1946; K. Y. Pan in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 27: 45. 1979. TYPE: China. Shaanxi, "50 li W of Yenanfu"(Yan'an! ), 1910, Purdom 338 (lectotype. A! isolectotype, E, K)
Paeonia suffruticosa subsp. spontanea (Rehder) S. G. Haw et L. A. Lauener in Edinb. J. Bot. 47(3): 278, fig. Ic. 1990.
Paeonia spontanea (Rehder) T. Hong et W. Z. Zhao in Bull. Bot. Res. (Harbin) 14 (3): 238. 1994.
............Haw & Lauener, 1990; Pan, 1979;
Stern. 1946).......... 900-1700 ............
(3) ...........
Paeonia qiui Y. L. Pei et D. Y. Hong in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 33(1): 91, fig. 1. 1995. TYPE: China. Hubei, Shennongjia, Songbai(Sunbai) Town, alt. 1650-2010 m, 1988-04-05, J. Z. Qiu PB88034 (holotype, PE! )
Paeonia ridleyi Z. L. Dai et T. Hong in Bull. Bot. Res. (Harbin) 17(1): 1, fig. 1. 1977. TYPE: China. Hubei, Baokang, Laoyashan, Chongchongya(Changchongya), alt. 1400 m, 1994-05-03, Z. L. Dai 94053(holotype in Baokang Forestry Research Institute of Hubei Province! Photo, PE! )
........... P. delavayi .................
.............
(4) .............
Paeonia ostii T. Hong et J. X. Zhang in Bull. Bot. Res. (Harbin) 12(3): 223, fig. 1. 1992. TYPE: China. Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industrial Management, Arboretum of Rare and Endangered Trees, introduced from Mt. Yangshan of Songxian, Henan Province, 1990-05-10, T. Hong 905010 (holotype, CAP)
Paeonia ostii T. Hong et J. X. Zhang var. lishizhenii B. A. Shen in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35(4): 360. 1997. TYPE: China. Anhui. Nanling, Yashan, alt. 200-250 m, roadsides, on slope, 1984-04-18, B. A. Shen PB1018(holotype in Wuhu Municipal Drug Bureau of Anhui Province; isotype, PE!)
............ P. suffruticosa .............. P. ostii ..............
(5) .........
Paeonia rockii (S. G. Haw et L. A. Lauener ) T. Hong et J. J. Li in Bull. Bot. Res.(Harbin) 12(3): 227, fig. 4. 1992; D. Y. Hong in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 37(6); 539, fig. 1. 1998.
Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews subsp. rockii S. G. Haw et L. A. Lauener in Edinb. J. Bot. 47(3): 279, fig. la. 1990. TYPE: China. Kansu(Gansu), "Probably near Wutu [ 364 ] (Wudu), (Farrer's Chieh Jo)", Farrer no 8(?)(holotype, E; photo, PE! )
Paeonia papaveracea auct. non. Andrews: Anonymous, Icon. Cormophyt. Sin. 1: 652, fig. 1303. 1972.
P. suffruticosa Andrews var. papaveracea auct. non. Andrews: K. Y. Pan in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 27: 45, pl. 3. 1979.
P. suffruticosa auct. non Andrews: Stern, Stud. Gen. Paeonia, 40. 1946, p. p. ; Fang in Acta Phytotax Sin. 7(4): 313. 1958, p. p.; Grierson et Long, Fl. Bhutan. Vol. 1. Part 2: 321. 1984.
P. moutan Sims subsp. atava Brühl in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 5(2): 114, pi. 126. 1896. TYPE: China. Tibet (Xizang), Chumbi, Tuk Chang, 1884-06, King's Collector 549(K).
P. suffruticosa Andrews, subsp. atava (Brühl) S. G. Haw et L. A. Lauener in Edinb. J. Bot. 47(3): 280. 1990.
P. suffruticosa Andrews, "Rock's Variety" ("Joseph Rock") hort.
...............
(5a) .............
Paeonia rockii subsp. linyanshanii T. Hong et G. L. Osti in Bull. Bot. Res. (Harbin) 14(3): 237, fig. 1 & 2. 1994. TYPE: China. Gansu, Wenxian, Baimahegou, alt. 1570m, 1993-04-28, Q. R. Zhang 19920428 (holotype, CAF, n.v.).
.............. 1100-2800 m ...........
(5b) ..............
Paeonia rockii subsp. taibaishanica D. Y. Hong in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 36(3): 542, fig. 2. 1998. TYPE: China. Shaanxi, Mt. Taibai, Shangbaiyun, alt. 1750 m, in broad-leaved deciduous forest on cliff, 1985-05-24, D. Y. Hong and X. Y. Zhu PB8506 (holotype, PE!)
....................
(6) .............
Paeonia decomposita Hand.-Mazz. in Acta Hort. Gothob. 13: 39. 1939; D. Y. Hong, K. Y. Pan & Y. L. Pel in Taxon 45: 68. 1996; D. Y. Hong in Kew Bull. 52(4): 957-963. 1997. TYPE: China. NW Sichuan, Chosodjo, H. Smith 4641 (holotype, UPS! Photo, PE!)
Paeonia szechuanica Fang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 315. 1958; K. Y. Pan in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 27: 45, fig. 4. 1979; D. Y. Hong in L. K. Fued. China Plant Red Data Bookl: 536-537. 1992. TYPE; China. NW Sichuan, Barkam, X. Li (H. Lee)70316 (holotype. SZ! isotype, PE!)
(6a)..................
Paeonia decomposita subsp. decomposita D. Y. Hong in Kew Bull. 52(4): 958, fig. 1 B. 1997.
.............. 2050-3100 m ..................
(6b) ..............
Paeonia decomposita subsp. rotundiloba D. Y. Hong in Kew Bull. 52(4): 961, fig. 1A. 1997. TYPE: China. NW Sichuan, Lixian. D. Y. Hong, Y. B. Luo & Y. H. He H95033 (holotype, PE! isotype, GH/A, K, MO. US!).
.................... 1700 -2700 m...................
(7) ................
Paeonia delavayi Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 382. 1886; Stern, Stud. Gen. Paeonia 44. 1946; K. Y. Pan in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 27: 1979; D. Y. Hong, K. Y. Pan & H. Yu in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85: 554-564. 1998. TYPE: China. NW Yunnan, Lijiang(Likiang), Delavay 1142 (holotype, P; isotype, K).
Paeonia lutea Delavay ex Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 382. 1886;
Paeonia delavayi var. lutea (Delavay ex Franch.) Finet & Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 524. 1904. TYPE: China. NE Yunnan: Eryuan County, Hea Chan Men, 1883-05-25. Delavay s. n. (lectotype, P; isolectotype, K).
Paeonia potanini Kom. in Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 2: 7. 1921. TYPE: China. W Sichuan, Yajiang (Tachien-lu district in Yalung valley), Potanin s. n. (holotype, LE).
Paeonia trollioides Stapf ex Stern, J. Roy. Hon. Soc. 56: 77. 1931;
Paeonia potanini var. trollioides (Stapf ex Stern) Stern, Stud. Gen. Paeonia 50. 1946. TYPE: China. NW Yunnan, Deqen, Baima Shan, Mekong-Yangtse divide, 3300 m, open stony pastures, Forrest 13195 (holotype, E).
Paeonia delavayi var. lutea f. superba Lemoine, Rev. Holt. 14: cum tab., 1906;
Paeonia lutea var. superba (Lemoine )hort. ex Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 44: 50, cum tab., 1908. TYPE: [pl. 14 in Lemoine. Rev. Hort. 1906]
Paeonia delavayi var. angustiloba Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sarg., PI. Wilson. 1: 318. 1913. TYPE: China. W Sichuan, Yajiang(W of Tachien-lu, descent to Yalung river),
3000-3600 m, 1908-10, Wilson 1333(holotype, A).
Paeonia delavayi var. atropurpurea Schipcz. in Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 2: 47. 1921. TYPE: China. No locality given (holotype, ? LE).
Paeonia. delavayi var. alba Bean, Tree5 Shrubs 3: 265. 1933;
Paeonia potanini f. alba (Bean)Stern, Stud. Gen. Paeonia 49. 1946. TYPE: t. 49 in Stern, Stud. Gen. Paeonia, 1946" (holotype!).
(8).............................
Paeonia ludlowii (Stern et Taylor) D. Y. Hong in Novon 7: 157, fig. 1 & 2. 1997.
Paeonia lutea var. ludlowii Stern et Taylor in J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 76: 217. 1951. TYPE: China. SE Tibet[Kongbo Prov. Miling, Tsangpo Valley, Ludlow], Sherriff & Taylor 4540 (holotype, BM).
...........................
Paeonia x papaveracea Andrews ( pro. sp. ) in Bot. Rep. 7:t. 463. 1807. TYPE: the plate cited(!)
P. yananensis T. Hong et M. R. Li in Bull. Bot. Res. 12(3): 226, fig. 3(p. 233) 1992. TYPE: China. Shaanxi, Yan'an, Wanhua Shan, in Platycladus forests, 1991-05-13, T. Hong 915013(CAF)
.............P. rockii ....P. jishanensis, ............(Hong and Pan, 1999),.................
Paeonia x baokangensis Z. L. Dai et T. Hong (pro. sp.) in Bull. Bot. Res. (Harbin) 17(1): 2, fig. 2. 1997. TYPE: China. Hubei, Baokang County, Houping Township, 1996-05-02, Z. L. Dai, D. Y. Ran & Q. D. Li 96047(Baokang Forestry Research Institute! Photo, PE!)
...............Hong and Pan(1999), .............P. rockii ..P. qiui ..................
..............................
Anderson G, 1818. A monograph of the genus Paeonia. Trans Linn Soc London, 12(1): 248-283
Andrews H, 1804. Paeonia suffruticosa. Bot Repository, 6: t. 373
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Andrews H, 1807. Paeonia papaveracea. Bot Repository, 7: t. 463
Anonymous, 1972. Icon. Connophyt. Sin. 1: 652. fig. 1303. Beijing: Science Press
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De Candolle A P. 1824. Prodromus, Syst. Nat. pp. 65-66
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copy from: http://flora.huh.harvard.edu
Flora of China Vol. 6, 2001
PAEONIACEAE
shaoyaoke
Hong Deyuan1, Pan Kaiyu1; Nicholas J. Turland2
5. Paeonia rockii (S. G. Haw & Lauener) T. Hong & J. J. Li in T. Hong & al., Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 12: 227. 1992.
zi ban mu dan
Shrubs to 1.8 m tall. Roots attenuate toward tip. Turions absent. Stems gray or gray-brown, peeling off in flakes. Proximal leaves 2- or 3-pinnate, with (17-) 19-33 leaflets; leaflets lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate and mostly entire, or ovate to ovate-orbicular and mostly lobed, 2-11 x 1.5-4.5 cm, abaxially villous along veins, adaxially glabrous, base truncate to cuneate, apex acute or acuminate. Flowers solitary, terminal, single, 13-19 cm wide. Bracts 3, leaflike. Sepals 3, green, ovate-orbicular, 3-4 x 2-3 cm, apex acute or caudate. Petals white with a large, dark purple spot at base. Filaments yellow; anthers yellow. Disc wholly enveloping carpels, pale yellow, leathery, apex dentate or lobed. Carpels 5(or 6), densely tomentose. Stigmas pale yellow. Follicles oblong, densely yellow tomentose. Fl. Apr-May, ft. Aug. 2n = 10*.
• Deciduous broad-leaved forests, forest margins, thickets, shady slopes, limestone rocks, sometimes cultivated; 1100-2800 m. S Gansu, W Henan, W Hubei, C and S Shaanxi.
1a. Leaflets lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, mostly entire
... 5a. subsp. rockii
1b. Leaflets ovate to ovate-orbicular, mostly lobed
.... 5b. subsp. taibaishanica
5a. Paeonia rockii subsp. rockii
zi ban mu dan (yuan ya zhong)
Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews subsp. rockii S. G. Haw & Lauener, Edinburgh J. Bot. 47: 279. 1990; P. moutan Sims subsp. atava Brühl; P. suffruticosa subsp. atava (Brühl) S. G. Haw & Lauener; P. rockii subsp. linyanshanii T. Hong & Osti.
Leaflets lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, mostly entire.
• Deciduous broad-leaved forests, Pinus armandii forest margins, thickets, shady slopes, limestone rocks, sometimes cultivated; 1100-2800 m. S Gansu, W Henan, W Hubei, S Shaanxi.
5b. Paeonia rockii subsp. taibaishanica D. Y. Hong, Acta Phy-totax. Sin. 36: 542. 1998.
tai bai shan zi ban mu dan
Leaflets ovate to ovate-orbicular, mostly lobed.
• Deciduous broad-leaved forests, forest margins; 1300-2000 m. S Gansu, C Shaanxi (N slopes of Qin Ling).
